Energene Information Enterprises of Canada

1440 Barberry Drive
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Description:

ENERGENE IS AN IMPROVED FUTURE FOR BIOFUEL ENERGY.

A company information enterprise in touch with development at the Department of Energy (DOE) (US Government) and their initiatives as reported through the literature on Genomics Research with new emerging plant cropping spp. and microbial cell systems in bioenergy reactor fermentation towards manufacturing EtOH from feed crop residues (FCR) with lignocellulosic biotechnology and low-quality farming wastes as with: rice straw, wheat straw, corn stover, legume or pulse grain vines or haulms, bagasse from sugarcane and, in contrast, high quality (HQ) seagrasses from marine spp.

This organization would like to project their viewpoints towards Pakistani and Indian interests where FCR is abundant and genomics is required to generate non-GMO genetically regulated organisms (GROs) with accelerated growth and development for production to make economically viable biofuel manufacturing (including 3rd-generation hi-density bioalcohols) and for spurring the agri-retailed vertical farming industry for dairy (primarily) and cattle feed industry in North America including British Columbia (BC).

New enzyme technology will be used to process the feedstock to sugars and oligosaccharides (super energy? for biofermentation) and repolymerization to new substrates (also super energy? for biofermentation). It has been a longstanding theory that oligopeptides are the major driving force in microbial cell protein synthesis (e. g. the ruminant rumen stomach ecosystem) rather than as would be thought conventionally individual free amino acids (FAAs), and now, our author at SkyeBlue has conjectured a role for oligosaccharides including water-soluble carbohydrates (e. g. fructan oligomeric sugars) for complex mixtures of sugars and carbohydrates (CHOs) as in Spring grasses serving "catalytically" for boosted microbial cell growth believed in part to be 'mitogenic' in cell metabolism, amongst a host of other mechanisms.  

Bioreactor technology can once again adopt metabolic regulatory measures using aspects to study and research: energy biofeedstocks and pretreatment of fibrous crop residues (FCR) for biofermentation in enzyme bioreactors, viz. fermentative microbials and proteins secretion (of enzymes) whose principles and techniques can also be used as in clinical drug proteomics for discovery and design with known host spp. such as E. coli and S. cerevisiae and the theory with biofilm formations around particulate system in between solvation systems as has been used to model and explain the process of biologics that have been direct-applied (DA) to digestion in ruminogastric livestock together with their characteristic process step kinetics and interaction with DA seed particulates, on residual feedstock particulates, the diffusive process through solvation and biofilm formation and their action to breakdown feed particulate surfaces and internally ferment solute from uptake of such feed particulates.

In passing it should be averred to that the current problem at SkyeBlue of drug discovery starting with our proprietary Lanosteral(R) precursor to bioreactor synthesize using the microbial-enzyme regulated process to the VitD3 agonist active forme drug lead target (the alternative is the VitD2 agonist active forme) is our own e. g. in the same realm of problem solving in a more complex sense for modifying/selecting clones with the ideal enzyme formes and producing viable batches of precursor substrate before pursuing the next step down the process ("banking" is also another strategy to supply copious enough amounts of substrate for this elaborated ~30-step sequence without reiterating back every time as needed).

This heralds new technology using PNA-B12 biologics for activating or dampening regulatory pathways in microbial cell metabolism as labelled to be genetically regulatory organisms (or GROs) (see previous), for e. g., those being manipulated for transport across the microbial cell membranes for both major substrates in sugars and proteins as oligomeric substrates, and synthetic rate of protein synthesis from these imported oligopeptides and energy ATP production from fermentative catabolism. 

OUR PROTEIN-ENERGY THEORY (also known as Flores' Theory) continues as presumed since 2023: It states that not only is the key to microbial protein rumen digestion in the accessibility of protein subunits (e. g. oligopeptides) and the "otherside of the coin" to it being the inaccessibility and its escape or bypass from rumen digestion of feed source proteins but now also it is conjectured that oligosaccharides play a key role in energetics in protein rumen digestion as has already been demonstrated by complex sugars and complex carbohydrates specifically proposed here as short-ended chains of sugars including the well-studied fructans [(3) basic types have been already classified] like the protein short ended chains in the former involving critical rate limiting barrier transport processes through the cell walls and cell membranes plus the cellular protein synthetic machinery involving: a) free amino acids (FAAs) taken from short-ended chains directly to protein synthesis in microbial cells and b) "energy pool" for use in the mitochondrial inner membranes from (3) types of cycles to breakdown sugars into intermediates for further substrate level or electron transport chain ATP as the energy currency of metabolism to synthesize protein (and other cellular components for that matter) whatever efficiency factors are involved to bring about boosted microbial action and protein output in the rumen digestive milieu or its digesta.

OUR PROTEIN-ENERGY THEORY (also known as Flores' Theory) has to further elucidate groups as extracellular fibrolytic enzyme (EFE) systems and the associated substrate structures including the well-known cellulosome for cellulose digestion and how they coordinate and their enzymatic-scaffold dynamics which is unknown at this time including critically transport processes that bear intracellularly for further synthetic processing for both FAAs and ATP required.

Remember there are also signals in the peptides' structure for transport that bear on their larger primary sequences and the enzyme specificities required for their digestion as such. There is also much yet to elucidate on various pathways and their relative efficiencies with yield in ATP per molecular spp., and of course preceding their rate of generation with extracellular digestion and rate of transport into cells from the extracellular zone. Modeling is key to elucidation of the total picture on how various efficiency factors will bear on our schema.

Pakistani interests which SkyeBlue is allied with apparently lie in use of sustainable feeding practices developed with FCR, mentioned previously from feedstock farm wastes, and their introduction earlier on with interventive measure of probiotic GMOs with modified or rec-DNA changes to: 1) improve protein synthesis and 'storage', 2) energy breakdown for synthesis from lignocellulosic and hemicellulosic biopolymers through enzymes that delignify the polymer and also attack by breaking down the polysaccharides of cellulose and the hemicellulose that 'glues' the former with the latter type.

See: Also our other subsidiaries are with Bio-Kerosene Enterprises of Canada on this website of Hum-Molgen.org (DE), our network for industrial building with the granting body in the federal government of Canada, the Natural Research Council (NRC), the BC Institute of Technology (BCIT) in BC Canada for educational program development and training of staff and personnel in pilot plant or start-up facilities, the Department of Energy or DOE for research into genomics and PNA based biologics (VitB12, Auxins or ARFs) of the federal US government, and their research and development of biosystems with GROs for biosynthesis and finally Angels who give money from inside investors to fund projects for eventual goods and services and job creation to benefit their local economy or economies.

(Here is the Link to Bio-Kerosene Enterprises of Canada: HUM-MOLGEN: registry of biomedical companies - BIO-KEROSENE ENTERPRISES OF CANADA.) 

We have visionary view points to expand with Soviet-Russo interest into the Russo Far Eastern zone area around the Bay of Ohkotsk and the terminal route city of Magadan. Energy will flow from the ports down to Vladivostok in Russia starting with grain-harvested FCR shipments across Russian Far East. Of course, the same is true at home for British Columbia's westcoast in North America across the Pacific as a neighboring community with transhipments via barge and crossing the Panama Canal from Brazil's rich source of compacted, baled processed and packaged bagasse and soy FCR in thousands of tons.  This might signal the beginning of processing residual lignocellulosic biomass from agricultural residuals with the British Columbian Lower Mainland serving as a depot, processor and transhipper across the Continent of North America for biofuel energy and localized electrical grid and natural gas (NG).   

The Flores Theory also known as the The Protein-Energy Theory continues over the last few decades.

I. 4 Factors that qualitatively describe how ligand oligosaccharides and oligopeptides may affect the protein-making machinery in microbial cellular synthesis.

1) The "random slot" statistical selection with conformational modification making it more likely;

2) Critical secondary structural properties describing changes in non-Markovian diffusion;

3) Chaperoning refers to an auxilliary factor to the enzymes that reinforce the folding process as it progresses;

4) And as catalysts which play the role of more complex agents that induces coordinate conformational change towards the free energy stable state or modality.

The role of short-ended peptides and oligosaccharide in conformational (e. g. protein folding and intermediate conformational kinetics at (2) levels: a) at the synthetic stage for conformational selection in process and b) at the diffusive process stage dependent on critical secondary degree structure.

II. A Form of Chaperoning Kinetics of the Enzymic Process.

The ff. are only hypothetical at this point.

1) Allosteric or tertiary changes or state of enzyme structure at their interactive domains (viz. their non-active sites) to reinforce the more adventitious conformation either due to stability and/or change in structure with the ligand(s) for optimized catalytic action.

2) Other Mechanisms (less likely as suggested) are the ff.

a) Active site competitive action resulting in a more fortuitous process outcome (analogous to competitive inhibition in classical enzyme kinetics).

b) Secondary to active site action also resulting in a more fortuitous process outcome.

III. The large picture of a metabo-biochemical scheme or context illustrates how substrates hasten the manufacturing of requisite enzymes for microbial cell survival.

1) oligopeptides hasten protein synthetic machinery for protein synthesis in general and also, particularly, oligosaccharides for fibrolytic enzyme synthesis of their protein for ATP and its cellular energy in cell processes; and

2) "cross-over" of oligopeptides for fibrolytic enzymes and oligosaccharides for cellular protein synthesis.

Our theory at "SkyeBlue" predicts that both digestible fibre and protein availability (optimally) be provided for dietarily if protein efficiency for the manufacture of their enzyme cohorts in cells is to be boosted in efficiency or productivity.

VISIONARY VIEWS FOR OUR GLOBAL WORLD:  THE PROVISIONARY FOR OUR SOUTHERN NORTHEASTERN BRASILERAO SECTOR (BRAZIL) AND FOR THE RURAL SECTORS OF QUEENSLAND (AUSTRALIA) AND THE SOUTH AFRICAN HOMELANDS IN THE VELD.

     This reflects the commonality of agriculture and agri-food industries in these sectors. Such trade & mfging. is recommendable ties between the cultures mentioned. 

     Our "SkyeBlue" Sustainability Development Goals (SDG) and for their Industrial Activity for these regions would be: 1) Energy and Telecommunications; 2) Food Storage & Mfg.; 3) Farming & Transport of Agri-Food Commodities; 4) Water & Irrigation Systems; 5) Farm Agro-cropping; 6) New Hydroponic Farming of Both Produce, Fibre-based Feedstock for both Green Energy and for Fodders and Animal Livestock Feed (cattle, piggery, etc.).  

     The issues in our view for British Columbia (BC) Canada are to capitalize on green housing seagrass rearing or cropping through biofuel energy development alongside importation from open barge via the Panama and/or by overland haulage pre-processed bagasse (derinded, comunited, predigested, and packed in feed grade binder (cubed and bagged) for energy use in British Columbia Canada to augment domestic supplies of fossilized Natural Gas (NG) and other alcohols for both electrical grid and automotive hybrid systems. 

     We utilize technology as the essential ingredient in bringing about socio-economic and cultural progress in the developing NE Brasilierao sector - the northeastern part of Brazil. "Yeast bagasse" technology will move in and utilize other grassy (and other pithy plant crops) that grows like sugarcane, switchgrass & miscanthus. Climactic zones include both rainforest rain-fed and irrigated areas in Brazil. Feedlot animal systems for production of both large and smaller livestock will be used. Economic regeneration of northeastern Brazil, like the Batangas region in the Philippines, would produce beef (e. g. porc meat loaf & corned beef - which requires little cooling) and dairy (for e. g. as with cheese, condensed and evaporated milk, powdered cream for coffee and chocolate-making) are food products that directly derive from the meat & dairy industries. These agri-food ideas will revitalize the sugar industry by diversifying sugar production: cropping such as non-sugar cane spp. cropping and leguminous haulms for bioenergy production and others such as wheat, rice, manioc, corn and legume grains and for food production. They will revitalize food manufacturing and processing including packaging, transport industries, energy sector and import-export industries

     In feeds processing of animal livestock socio-cultural game changers are: 1) non-GMO PNA-B12 on ureolysis of common FCR of straw, stover and haulms also called urea-haylage, 2) "Yeast bagasse" and 'Yeast pulp" (the latter just a proposal at this time but viable for wood milling areas found in the Amazonian forests of Brazil), 3) non-GMO PNA-B12 SSF of bagasse, stover and straw and 4) SSF of aquatic plant spp. for even greater energy yield in production and feed nutrification. We will outline more to come that could help further develop the NE sector of Brazil in the near future. Here we highlight crop and feeds processing or manufacturing technologies with less energy and chemical inputs. More organic approaches and sustainable ones are being conceived of at "Skye Blue" for this purpose.

     Australia is in fact in a planning stage to deliver solar-powered electricity/battery power or technology to its hi-tech industry sectors in terms of electronic use or devices, vehicular transport or commute vehicles, extreme tracking transport vehicles and very advanced aereospace travel and exploration, as examples, of potential use and in future. The attendant industry of mining the ore-bearing enriched Mn (maganese) from the ocean floor around Oceana in the Pacific is right at their doorstep and complements demand by batteries manufacturing.  Around the world, battery power sourced from solar cell technology will require more expansive and extreme solar irradiation available geographically in regions such as the Outback Down Under, Mexico, New Mexico/Arizona in the U.S. A., as examples, and the northeastern quarter or sector of Brazil. In the long term this will help upon mobilization of solar technology a cooling effect on weather patterns on the earth's surface perhaps with benefits to protecting against very potentially destructive brushlit wildfires with our so-called man-made climate change going on with weather patterns. Mass manufacturing of solar cell or paneling is not cheap and needs a break even point before they become more available to the industry or people, even true in a country like Australia. Such will form 'Solar Farming' for electrical energy generation outside the localized or municipal electrical grids for electric utilities.

     The socio-cultural committee in our Principal's Negros Oriental home province of the Philippine Islands in their local university calls for apropos technology that are a good fit for the ethno-cultural practices, educational cultural know-how, political will, the natural resource base, clime and reasons for economic subsistence like we would like to intend for the Brazilian NE sector currently proposed for 'zero' transmigration excepting influx of semi-urban-, urban-, and rural-to-rural relocation preserving human capital resources including talent.

     Feed manufacturing co-ops will be placed industrially, financially and organized labour will be legislated to thrive in this NE sector. Although major outside investors would continue to hold large parts in ownership in these type of enterprises there is a need to practice considerable labour union parity or peace so as to work the system. 

SKYEVIEW: DYC is being used after neat fermentation with semi-purified substrate of hemi-cellulose treated with ammoniation from urea-N, macro, micro minerals and growth factors for conversion of LYC, its complete dessication by spray drying, a feed carrier as dessicant/preservative added as a powder as the protein source ingredient in fish meal which will be used as an industry standard in salmon fisheries/hatcheries as anti-zoonotic feeding to help control spread of fish lice and Piscine rheovirus (PRV), common infestations in such settings. Much research is needed to find ways to introduce PNA-B12 biologics as antibiotics, immuno-boosting factors, new vaccinations bio/technology [see: Immunology and Microbiology Department, UBC (Point Grey campus) Vancouver, BC Canada] for introducing viral antigenic determinants in the presence of infection through presentation in the host's system and activating their immune system against infection through a sluice when feeding and administering per os or orally the vaccine dosage to fish. 

SKYEVIEW: It is guessed that in the N. Eastern Brazilierao sector of the country usually sugarmilling activity producing tonnage per season of sugar production would have to burn for fuel the bagasse (pithe and rind) which can with derinding and after pressing the sugar-rich juice can be communited and processed to nutritious feedstock or biomass and packaged in a dry form in cubes for transport nationally, and even internationally I would expect. Now for the "Yeast Bagasse" Process. And the product is cf. to as "Yeast Bagasse" using the definable process called solid-substrate fermentation (SSF) referring to a definitive state the particular bound yeast are with having a extremely low water activity (Aw) existing as a thin film on the particulate surface wherein the yeast grow and divide out to supplement the partically digested  Ensiled herbage and SSF residual fibrous feedstocks are now unified as one process theory using the ff. conditional elements for growth of the characteristic microbiome, in this case, ensilage being favourable to the lactic acid bacteria and not clostridial spp. and yeast spp. (e. g. Saccharomyces cerevisiae) : Aw, acid-base balance, isotonic pressure or electrolytes, nutrients such as WSCHO and sucrose.  The ff. stages in the "Yeast Bagasse" process are: (I) Particulate Size communition, a factor for oxygenation (O2) and homogeneity limit of mixing, moisture film formation from the flocculated via auger to a large bulk conical mixer which empties at bottom to a moving hod for incubation after a time cycle for the yeast culture; (II) There is the matter of sterilizing the biomass first before adding the buffered inoculum or LYC in an open air rather than strictly anaerobic atmosphere S. cerevisiae being facultatively anaeobic; and finally (III) The modification of the "Yeast Bagasse" process with what is called extrafibrollytic enzymes (EFE) to boost further: a) N. V., b) energy availability and what is referred to as a multiplier factor on N. V. called animal Intake or Appetite. By hod and stage the first process will entail enzymic pretreatment with auger/bulk mixer as the first stage ff. by the second process entailing "deep" yeast incubation with the second stage auger/bulk mixer once it has achieved MCP stasis at an optimum level after rate of addition to OM or biomass weight. 

SKYEVIEW: From the Central region of the Philippines in the Visayas we are projecting the development of SSF "Yeast Bagasse" and other Yeast Technology feeds to arise from sugarmilling in Negros Island in particular and other byproducts from the farm such as straw, corn stover, and even legume haulm from the horticultural vegetable industry there. As the story goes there was developments in the developing region of Brazil, the NE sector, in the production with their own sugar mills of "Yeast Bagasse" to be used for feedlot cattle diversification and Brazil's well known corned beef export product and other developments which has begun with duckweed, reported from Australia and the opportunity to feeds rather than soy with this prolific and more sustainable protein source for pigs in production. The commodity price of duckweed influenced a shift to duckweed from soy and so with the new "Yeast Bagasse" byproduct feeds for cattle in South Africa in the African continent from other commodities such as more expensive grass or legume hays or silage and grain when pre-treatment with EFEs was adopted on bagasse substrate plus the subsequent and surprising developments with RNA biologics, e. g. PNA-B12, and the boosted supplementation with "limiting" amino acids like HIS, ARG, LEU, MET and LYS in beef and dairy production with LYC production and eventually applied by inoculum to "Yeast Bagasse" making. And as we ff. hoping the "Yeast Bagasse" story unfolds before us harking first from the Philippine Islands, then hopping over to Brazil and then also to South Africa.

SKYEVIEW: It can be even be sent for trading world-wide for meat production including areas that "SkyeBlue" is familiarizing itself with like deli-meat products and meat loaf (pate from mutton with herbs and aspic), beef-ham tinned herbed corned beef, corned beef with bacon bits and SPAM(R) with bacon bits).

SKYEVIEW: The Synthesis of SSF Yeast Residual Feeds: Bagasse, Corn and Sorghum Stover, Haulms and Rice and Wheat Straw.  The beginnings of this type of technology was with bagasse processed by a Japanese concern specifically in the Philippine Islands to feed dairy cows (viz. Holstein bred-type cattle) for milk production. It therefore comes to mind that yeast processing however modified to be enhanced, refined and made cost-effective and animal trial tested can be extended to cover also other byproduct farm wastes such as sugarcane pith from bagasse, corn stover and sorghum stover, haulms from vines or legume spp. on-farm and rice and wheat straw, occupying the largest proportion of byproduct farm waste and potentially the most productive in terms of volume processed and consumed by animal livestock.  We will now outline the major stages wherein the milled substrate is processed into ''Yeast Byproduct'' feed (we already mentioned 6 possible ones in schema above).  As for the Making The Semi-Refined Consistent Particulate Base:  First, is threshing the byproduct biomass feedstock from the field's harvest on-farm and then fine-chopping as in silage making, washing thoroughly the substrate followed by air-drying over 48 hrs, with the option to force air-dry the biomass. This followed after drying with fine grinding to a semi-consistent powder. Adaptation is made per substrate type or feedstock.  As for the Mixing Reaction Components Prior to Live Yeast Culture (LYC) Incubation:  The dried particulate substrate or biomass is first bleached with added dilute aqeous acid (H2SO4) over a 48 hr period and then mass centrifugated (industrial-type) and washed clean of any residuals and then the pH adjusted for enzymatic conditions involving aerobic Lacasse over a few days depending on the batch weight.  As for the Addition of LYC and Incubation:  The yeast inoculum or LYC is applied as ff. The remixed or reconstituted LYC is counter sprayed onto the spray-lofted particulate feedstock and further auger mixed into a mixer together with a biologic added solution to the LYC just before it is stored for incubation with the feedstock. This will begin the process of hyper-boosting or producing high enough levels of HIS, ARG, LEU, MET and LYS eventually in the incubating biomass. These are so-called GROs in yeast. As for the Temperature, pH and Time of Incubation Under Open Air Conditions (S. cerevisiae, the spp. of choice is facultatively anaerobic) these are yet to be determined experimentally for the yeast fermentation processes.  As for the Air-Spray Drying and Storage:  The biomass or substrate for feeding kept in the holding tank for incubation is effectively stored in a compacted, cool, and dry place after thorough drying by spraying onto a industrial chamber wall collecting at the base. It is then collected with the biologic already 'spent' and not in any measurable concentration, i.e. it is strictly labile after a defined period of storage, and mechanically packaged in square-rectangular bags for feed dispensing at the farm feedlot for dairy and beef cattle. The matter of the once on surface film LYC is apparently flash-dried with forced-air with, for e. g., N2(g) rapid air drying which instantly kills and renders it a DYC (non-sporulated is its hypothesized) on the particulate surface and fully dried away after N2(g) sealed packing to be inert until dispensed for feeding.  As for the Feeding Trials Regards Nutritive Value (NV) of Energy/Protein Supplements:  It is open to question at this time what levels of amino acids can be attained and what are optimal for function use such as LBM accretion, milk solids output or production, and in general the body condition of finishing steers and lactating cattle. There is a need to test various basal rations such as hay or silage from herbage plus the addition of our highly digestible fibre-protein/AA energy-protein concentrate derived from byproduct biomass or feedstock. What remains as the most limiting amino acids for optimum nutrition is to be demonstrated or seen by nutritionists and what should be supplemented using the biologic rate of addition to LYC and volume of pre-treated biomass or substrate just prior to and during mixing and incubation conditions to effectively elevate MCP levels and so with incremental and critical essential amino acids that also are functional amino acids over above their nutritional value as measured in proximal analysis and predicted to produce. Remember, spiking the amino acid profile of the supplemental feed(s) will incur different if not very different results in nutritive value when manipulated in addition to its conventional role in fulfilling amino acid nutritional daily allowances or requirements.  In Conclusion:  It should be noted that the proposals here are preliminary leading one to speculate what specifically is needed to be learned from further research regards amino acid nutrition in various ruminant-class animal livestock, their daily allowances to optimize hay, haylage or silage feeding, and more data obtained to study specifics of rumen digestion and supply of protein and its amino acids from it to compare and determine which are most limiting.   

(c) 2024-2050. D. A. Flores. Skye Blue Publications/Internet, Port Coquitlam, British Columbia, Canada  V3B 1G3. 

Last update of this entry: April 25, 2024