Rumino Model Info Enterprises of Canada

Birchland Manor Poco
C.-B.
Canada
Toll free: +011-236-983-6419

Phone: +011-604-945-8408
Fax: +011-604-941-9022 (FAX)
E-Mail: This e-mail address is being protected from spam bots, you need JavaScript enabled to view it

Description:

Title: "NON-GMO, GENETICALLY REGULATORY ORGANISMAL (GRO) MICROBIAL MODULATION OF RUMEN FERMENTATION FOR DAIRY & BEEF PRODUCTION." 

by D. A. Flores, SB Internet, Port Coquitlam BC Canada V3B 1G3.

THE PER OS RNA-BASED REGULATORY (PORR) MODEL.

The non-GMO, genetically regulatory organismal (GRO) approach of modifying intracellular metabolism required a fine biologic worked originally by J. Trylska's research group at the Center for New Technologies, the University of Warsaw, Poland (EU) called the peptide-nucleic acid (PNA)-B12 (VitB12, as a transmembrane carrier) biologic that is used to upregulate or downregulate a gene's expression upstream from the regulon controlling the enzyme's expression, e. g. using a transcription factor (TF) mRNA, bound to a complementary or the opposite mRNA strand transcribed from the TF's gene element.

The method or approach of introducing it per os, viz. the PNA-B12 biologic into the rumen and once in its milieu through the the microbial cell membrane barrier (outer membrane, cell inner membrane and cell wall) successfully to perturb the intracellular metabolic milieu of the rumen microbial cell is now dubbed the Per Os RNA-based Regulatory (PORR) model.  

Energetics is the basis of all metabolic modulation of cellular processes and thus has to be earmarked as to their basis and accessibility, viz. substrate or nutrient source and metabolism towards supplying a catabolic pool of energetic currency known primarily as ATP for cell synthetic and other cellular processes (e. g. membrane transport, subcellular assembly) and to control their flux sufficiently enough that supplies a pool size to serve ATP demands or utilization. For non-GMO, GRO-type manipulations it is better to boost or upregulate gene expression or their elements at the chromosomal level, versus at the plasmid level where metabolic regulation is said to be more controlled and responsive for synthetic or transport processes, although this is believed to be only conjecturable at this time.

Boosting expression of proteases enzymes in proteolytics based on peptide specificity with their active sites and the compositional frequency of the most limiting amino acids in microbial metabolism is desired enriching the so-called pre-formed amino acid (PFAA) pool used by selected microbial spp. experimentally for microbial cell synthesis (MCP) synthesis.

It should be mentioned recently that facultative anaerobic spp. that are fungal in nature have been investigated in research by direct-fed introduction in the rumen. The author has already mentioned this in his own literature survey or review regarding them as major ligninolytics in the rumen stomach and is concerned with further identifying and characterizing esterases, etherases and other enzymes for the: side-group removal, aromatic ring reduction and their cleavage to mineralization as has been found in silting municipal sewage sludge (MSS). 

There is a need to ascertain the ATP pool size and PFAA needs of these ligninolytics in the rumen including these probably probiotics for further modulation in rumen fermentation. 

B. MODULATING ENZYME ACTIVITY AND C-SUBSTRATES PRODUCTION IN ACETATE-TYPE VERSUS PROPIONATE-TYPE FERMENTATION MICROBIAL PATHWAYS VIA THEIR PLASMID REGULONS.

For acetate-type fermentation tailored for dairy milk production, it is recommended to slow proteolytic microbes and their expression of proteases to optimize protein escape from the rumen and also to slow propionic acid fermentation; up fibrolytic microbes and their fibrolytic enzymes and up acetic acid type fermentation to acetate endproduct via upping the production of C-substrates that are rate-limiting for fermentation of acetate, viz. the acetyl-CoA pathway involving the spp.: Prevotella spp. in proportion to total VFA production, Fibrobacter succinogenes and Selenomonas ruminantium proportionate to fibre fermentation and VFA production (linked to H2(g) and acetate dynamics) and Lactobacillus spp. (buchneri; acidophilus) responsible for conversion of lactose to acetate.

For propionate-type fermentation for meat production it is recommended to slightly slow proteolytic microbes and their proteases, slowing N-degradation and NH3 loss to optimize protein (P) escape to the small intestines; up fibrolytic microbes and their fibrolytic enzymes and up amylolytic microbes and their amylolytic enzymes to up fermentation to propionate through upping production of C-substrates that are rate-limiting for fermentation of propionic acid involving the: Acetyl-CoA pathway with Prevotella spp. proportionate to the total VFA production, Succinate pathway in Fibrobacter succinogenes and Selenomonas ruminantium and the Acrylate pathway responsible for converting lactate to propionate with Megasphaera elsdenii. 

C.  MODULATING FOR ACETATE-TYPE VERSUS PROPIONATE-TYPE FERMENTATION USING FEED TYPE, PROTECTION OF DIETARY PROTEIN AND EXTRAFIBROLYTIC ENZYMES (EFE).

To continue discussing major interventive factors that can select for acetate or propionate type fermentation the following are outlined as such: 1) Feed type as with hemicellulose-cellulose or crude fibre (CF) versus pectin from beets, soybean hulls, citrus pulp, apple pomace, water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) or sugars present in grasses and legumes in the Spring time like alfalfa, starch or amylose in grains and protein (P) supplements as with soybean meal (SBM), canola meal (CM), cotton seed meal (CSM), distillers dried grain (DDG) and grain byproducts; 2) Protecting dietary protein for fementers for propionic acid via chemical means as in glycation, crosslinking oxidation (from lipid oxidation), vacuum and N2(g) packaging from rancidity and protein carbonylation and exposure to reducing sugars and Maillard reactions; biological pasteurization against enzymes and microbes, drying proteins against microbial growth and enzymes; antimicrobial fermentation involving lactic acid and nisin, escape in rumen with tannins and the chemical formaldehyde of protein; and physical protection through forming liposomes, hydrogels, alginate beads, high temperature short time pasteurization, freeze drying and spray drying resulting in permanent thermal denaturation, microencapsulation with physical coating and for protein against acids in the stomach (e. g. supplements); 3) Extrafibrolytic enzymes (EFE) as in cellulases and hemicellulases whose effect is to expose more surface area for native rumen microbial attachment, growth and colonization of fibrolytic bacteria for both the endproducts of propionate and acetate or the major VFAs as energy sources which both act in general on the whole GI tract and to increase weight ggain in animals and milk yield.

D.  MODEL FEEDING SYSTEMS FOR DAIRY PRODUCTION WITH LOW-QUALITY AND HIGH-QUALITY FEEDS (LQFDS & HQFDS) FOR TEMPERATE AND TROPICAL COUNTRIES.

It is recommended that 2 schemas for feeding systems for dairy water buffaloes and Italian crossbred bufffaloes be introduced. a) LQFDS which are more sustainable in point be used such as whole plant corn silage, sugarcane tops (SCT) silage, rice straw, and giant Pangola grasses for acetate and milk. b) HQFDS from aquaculture and phytopharm intensive systems for so-called "XL-GRO" seagrasses and seed protein extract concentrates (SPEC) for Hi-bred holsteins (GRO class cattle) and Hi-bred, Crossbred Italian x Native crosses (GRO class cattle) for dairy production in our Land Food Systems (LFS) in the future.  This is intensive in the sense that aquaculure operators in the prototype plants are highly mechanized and semi-automated by handlers dependent on industrialization or semi-industrialization in variou country type settings. Ensilage in many cases are adopted which results in better managed logistics with feeding roughage or fodders with twice feeding during the year, with once or twice harvest times including feeding over off season (Winter time) and growing in season (warmer seasons).  E. g. of countries where this can be used are in the USA, Canada, Queensland (AU), Brazil, the Philippines and Pakistan. Although not mentioned here at length are meat production feeds such as for beef such as pectinogenic feeds from young grasses and legumes (e. g. Spring grasses and legumes) including their involved manegerial practices for raising feedstock including giant "long fibre" Pangola grasses of the GRO variety for pectin content.

E. WATER BUFFALOES AND PROBIOTICS USES.

Are for production (meat, milk, draught) representing the tri-approach to plasmid driven boosting for animal nutrition from rumen digestion. The issue outstanding since the late 1980s has been the whole retinue of technology transfer issues entailing the usual factors of: 1) political will and administration by both parties which we believe is covered with non-GMO ethics and requires no further debate, 2) strategic holds on interests which we believe are all released as commercial interests eventually, 3) technology delivery entailing a) training, b) government funding and further subsidies afield in programming, c) capacity for commercialization and infrastructural limits in industry and d) economic factors as in the tax base, and finally 5) addressing also technological delivery in terms of sustainable supply-demand equilibrium and cyclical ability to field technology for implementation.

F. EXPERIMENTATION METHODS FOR TESTING PROBIOTICS.

For water buffalo experiments will require microbial spp. bioinformatics for studying plasmid genetics including regulons for sugars and for oligopeptides and studying the crossfeeding and self-feeding with the proteolytics spp. while at the 'baseline' the saccharolytics crossfeed and self-feed in the same manner. This in the milieu of rumen contents means either enzyme diffusion between anchored microbes to feed particles and adherence of enzymes secreted to the substrate or the medium of dissolved substrate. There is a biofilm that is inhabited by the attaching or colonizing spp. that has to be diffused through. Also, dissolved microbes also fill the liquid milieu with their own enzymes.

Plasmid are stably reproduced due to selective pressures in a very competitive environment like the rumen as long as the modifications that require ATP (cellular energy) are not overly metabolically demanding.

These are the recommendations for in vitro level studies using semi-purified substrates as the C-source + N-source + cofactors (minerals + vitamins) using a purified tri-innoculant approach (fibrolytic, proteolytic and rumen anaerobic fungal spp.) with the metabolic regulator booster, viz. PNA-B12, effectively boosting the enzymatic complement to measure the DM/OM in vitro yield in batch culture.

Further scale-up to the RUSITEC(R) device or some other simulator like Czerkawski's device using the rumen innoculant approach using mixed subpopulations with semi-processed feed substrates normally encountered in whole animal feeding experiments.

(c) D. A. Flores. 2026-2059. Skye Blue Press Corporation. Port Coquitlam, BC Canada V3B 1G3. 

Last update of this entry: September 19, 2026