Turning the Tide To the Future for Biofuel Alcohols from Agro Farm Wastes (FAR).

To continue the story of isobutanol in the Russo-Soviet independent republics since the early 1960's from wheat straw and chaff and the use of microbial enzyme technologies in biofermentation to biofuel sources such as bioethanol used now in the West for EV/Flex Ethanol type vehicles, we will discuss what are perceived as world trends in the future for biofuel evolution and use. These are projected for the regions of Brazil (BRZ) with ethanol and isobutanol, Queensland (QLD) (AU) for ethanol and bio-kerosene, British Columbia (BC) (and the rest of Western Canada) with isobutanol, isopentenol and even bio-kerosene and our Russian Far Eastern neighbours in the mainland off the Bay of Ohkotsk with Magadan as a marker terminal city on their Far East Coast with isobutanol, isopentenol and bio-kerosene.

For dealing in energy feedstocks from agriculture-food biomass, the use of trading commodities and also strategic depoting for both domestic and export use in exchange or importation of agbiomass feedstocks is apt for regions like the westcoast of Canada and as far away as Latin America with Brazil's bagasse source from sugarcane milling production. Sugarcane's future seems to be a tug of war between food commodity production for domestic consumption and export and essential use as an energy making commodity including for transportation domestic fuel use.

We also perceive three major points to cover here regards energy fermentation using:

1) Novel Enzyme Technology.  Such as lignases to catalyze digestion of lignocellulose with hemicellulose "cemented" together in this base substrate.

2) Microbial Biostimulants (cf. plant or crop biostimulants). As active biologics having the role of increasing sustainability through nutrient uptake with microbial fermentation including a separate class of small molecular gene silencers called PNA-B12 RNA biologics.

We believe that as pressure to produce ramps up, the need to use biostimulants to increase efficiency will make economic sense to keep up with output or production adding to profitability.

3) ICE Biofermentation (Immersive Cold-type Energy Fermentation). In Arctic weather conditions where regulated low temperature psychrophiles as those found in the frigid waters of the Arctic or Antarctica present a considerable savings in energy inputs with capital investments in a dedicated cold environment suitable in the Canadian Far North and the Russian Far East.

Temperate zones in general should pose a potential advantage for psychrophilic type fermentation plants such as with sourcing biomass like marine seagrass from further south and insider agri-retailed feedstock from indoor commercial vertically farmed operations of very high quality (HQ).

Natural gas (NG), a bioenergy, can also evolve from animal farm waste, municipal wastes (cf. solid/liquid treatment plants), food and feed organics wastes such as greens and food scraps from collected green wastes. In this case transport fuel alcohols and bio-kerosene are discussed for domestic use and transport applications for travel and export Overseas.

We have a hypothesis that so-called Enzyme Technology per se would to our understanding employ synthesis not indirectly microbial action but likely in pure form in the reaction process or mechanism.

Like direct applied (DA) small molecular RNA gene silencers affecting metabolic processes such as fermentation in the rumen stomach or bioreactor fermentation, dust cropping for their management while growing in the field, management of storage under conditions conducive to making good quality ensilage for higher nutritive value (NV) and even recent developments in solid-state fermentation (SSF) (so-called "dry" fungal or yeast-based fermentation from residual farm wastes or byproducts) a promising pathway towards the "greening" of biofermentative pre-treatment of agricultural-based substrates especially residuals such as with bagasse, straws, stovers and legume vines or haulms for developing countries. 

Still novel lignases are coming into the fore including anaerobic mineralizing species that attack phenolic complexes or cross-polymer assemblies extensively including processes related to nature as in silting in anaerobic environments. Note they are also facultatively anaerobics for biofermentation. Aerobic lignases are also available that disrupt like networks of phenolic derivatives compounds interconnected with each other blocking access by fibrolytic enzymes for the cellulosic units and their intervening hemicellulosic interconnections with what were the lignin polymeric networks.

Following this exposure to pretreatment a microbial process would ensue for biofermentation of fibre-based substrates including oligomeric and monomeric sugars to endproducts metabolically for various alcohols such as the more advanced isobutanol and isopentenol with host such as E. coli, or even yeasts, in the near future. 

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