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Fine Biofuels for Biokerosene and Bioisopentenyl Alcohol (Bio-IPA)
Port Coquitlam
Canada Toll free: 16049458408
Phone: 12369836419 Fax: 16049419022
Description:
ENERGENE IS AN IMPROVED FUTURE FOR BIOFUEL ENERGY. Fueling Up with Biofeedstocks Automotive and Aeronautical Biofuels. Before a discussion is made of our greenest and finest quality biofuels which are SkyeBlue's specialties through Bioprocess Engineering production methods a discussion is made of the current state of affairs for green biofeedstock sourcing and approaches to exploiting this bioresource around the world including the Philippines. This organization would like to project their viewpoints towards Pakistani and Indian interests where FCR is abundant and genomics is required to generate non-GMO genetically regulated organisms (GROs) with accelerated growth and development for production to make economically viable biofuel manufacturing (including 3rd-generation hi-density bioalcohols) and for spurring the agri-retailed vertical farming industry for dairy (primarily) and cattle feed industry in North America including British Columbia (BC). New enzyme technology will be used to process the feedstock to sugars and oligosaccharides (super energy? for biofermentation) and repolymerization to new substrates (also super energy? for biofermentation). It has been a longstanding theory that oligopeptides are the major driving force in microbial cell protein synthesis (e. g. the ruminant rumen stomach ecosystem) rather than as would be thought conventionally individual free amino acids (FAAs), and now, our author at SkyeBlue has conjectured a role for oligosaccharides including water-soluble carbohydrates (e. g. fructan oligomeric sugars) for complex mixtures of sugars and carbohydrates (CHOs) as in Spring grasses serving "catalytically" for boosted microbial cell growth believed in part to be 'mitogenic' in cell metabolism, amongst a host of other mechanisms. Bioreactor technology can once again adopt metabolic regulatory measures using aspects to study and research: energy biofeedstocks and pretreatment of fibrous crop residues (FCR) for biofermentation in enzyme bioreactors, viz. fermentative microbials and proteins secretion (of enzymes) whose principles and techniques can also be used as in clinical drug proteomics for discovery and design with known host spp. such as E. coli and S. cerevisiae and the theory with biofilm formations around particulate system in between solvation systems as has been used to model and explain the process of biologics that have been direct-applied (DA) to digestion in ruminogastric livestock together with their characteristic process step kinetics and interaction with DA seed particulates, on residual feedstock particulates, the diffusive process through solvation and biofilm formation and their action to breakdown feed particulate surfaces and internally ferment solute from uptake of such feed particulates. New technology using PNA-B12 biologics can be used for activating or dampening regulatory pathways in microbial cell metabolism as labelled to be genetically regulatory organisms (or GROs), for e. g., those being manipulated for transport across the microbial cell membranes for both major substrates in sugars and proteins as oligomeric substrates, and synthetic rate of protein synthesis from these imported oligopeptides and energy ATP production from fermentative catabolism. Currently, the Centre for New Technologies (CeNT, U. of Warsawa PL, EU) is pursuing their core research in pharma discovery and improving efficacy and possibilities using PNAs including PNA-B12. [Current research at SkyeBlue we are promoting is: Green Processing including Chemistry and Green Biofuels; Immersive Cold Fermentation, ICE-Fermentation; Biokerosene from Seagrasses, Low-Lignin Grasses, Sweet Grasses, Hi-NFC Grasses; C-Recyclables as Materials like IBPN Polymer; Iso-Butanol and Bio-Ethanol (ABE Fermentation).] The issues in our view for British Columbia (BC) Canada are to capitalize on green housing seagrass rearing or cropping through biofuel energy development alongside importation from open barge via the Panama and/or by overland haulage pre-processed bagasse (derinded, comunited, predigested, and packed in feed grade binder (cubed and bagged) for energy use in British Columbia Canada to augment domestic supplies of fossilized Natural Gas (NG) and other alcohols for both electrical grid and automotive hybrid systems. Socio-economic and cultural progress in the developing world, e. g. the northeastern part of Brazil will include "yeast bagasse" technology and will move in to utilize other grassy (and other pithy plant crops) that grows like sugarcane, switchgrass & miscanthus. Climactic zones include both rainforest rain-fed and irrigated areas in Brazil. Feedlot animal systems for production of both large and smaller livestock will be used. Economic regeneration of northeastern Brazil, like the Batangas region in the Philippines, would produce beef (e. g. porc meat loaf & corned beef - which requires little cooling) and dairy (for e. g. as with cheese, condensed and evaporated milk, powdered cream for coffee and chocolate-making) are food products that directly derive from the meat & dairy industries. These agri-food ideas will revitalize the sugar industry by diversifying sugar production: cropping such as non-sugar cane spp. cropping and leguminous haulms for bioenergy production and others such as wheat, rice, manioc, corn and legume grains and for food production. They will revitalize food manufacturing and processing including packaging, transport industries, energy sector and import-export industries In feeds processing of animal livestock socio-cultural game changers are: 1) non-GMO PNA-B12 on ureolysis of common FCR of straw, stover and haulms also called urea-haylage, 2) "Yeast bagasse" and 'Yeast pulp" (the latter just a proposal at this time but viable for wood milling areas found in the Amazonian forests of Brazil), 3) non-GMO PNA-B12 SSF of bagasse, stover and straw and 4) SSF of aquatic plant spp. for even greater energy yield in production and feed nutrification. We will outline more to come that could help further develop the NE sector of Brazil in the near future. Here we highlight crop and feeds processing or manufacturing technologies with less energy and chemical inputs. More organic approaches and sustainable ones are being conceived of at "Skye Blue" for this purpose. The socio-cultural committee in our Principal's Negros Oriental home province of the Philippine Islands in their local university calls for apropos technology that are a good fit for the ethno-cultural practices, educational cultural know-how, political will, the natural resource base, clime and reasons for economic subsistence like we would like to intend for the Brazilian NE sector currently proposed for 'zero' transmigration excepting influx of semi-urban-, urban-, and rural-to-rural relocation preserving human capital resources including talent. Feed manufacturing co-ops will be placed industrially, financially and organized labour will be legislated to thrive in this NE sector. Although major outside investors would continue to hold large parts in ownership in these type of enterprises there is a need to practice considerable labour union parity or peace so as to work the system. It is guessed that in the N. Eastern Brazilierao sector of the country usually sugarmilling activity producing tonnage per season of sugar production would have to burn for fuel the bagasse (pithe and rind) which can with derinding and after pressing the sugar-rich juice can be communited and processed to nutritious feedstock or biomass and packaged in a dry form in cubes for transport nationally, and even internationally I would expect. Now for the "Yeast Bagasse" Process. And the product is cf. to as "Yeast Bagasse" using the definable process called solid-substrate fermentation (SSF) referring to a definitive state the particular bound yeast are with having a extremely low water activity (Aw) existing as a thin film on the particulate surface wherein the yeast grow and divide out to supplement the partically digested Ensiled herbage and SSF residual fibrous feedstocks are now unified as one process theory using the ff. conditional elements for growth of the characteristic microbiome, in this case, ensilage being favourable to the lactic acid bacteria and not clostridial spp. and yeast spp. (e. g. Saccharomyces cerevisiae) : Aw, acid-base balance, isotonic pressure or electrolytes, nutrients such as WSCHO and sucrose. The ff. stages in the "Yeast Bagasse" process are: I. Particulate Size communition, a factor for oxygenation (O2) and homogeneity limit of mixing, moisture film formation from the flocculated via auger to a large bulk conical mixer which empties at bottom to a moving hod for incubation after a time cycle for the yeast culture; II. There is the matter of sterilizing the biomass first before adding the buffered inoculum or LYC in an open air rather than strictly anaerobic atmosphere S. cerevisiae being facultatively anaeobic; and, finally, III. The modification of the "Yeast Bagasse" process with what is called extrafibrollytic enzymes (EFE) to boost further: a) N. V., b) energy availability and what is referred to as a multiplier factor on N. V. called animal Intake or Appetite. By hod and stage the first process will entail enzymic pretreatment with auger/bulk mixer as the first stage ff. by the second process entailing "deep" yeast incubation with the second stage auger/bulk mixer once it has achieved MCP stasis at an optimum level after rate of addition to OM or biomass weight. From the Central region of the Philippines in the Visayas we are projecting the development of SSF "Yeast Bagasse" and other Yeast Technology feeds to arise from sugarmilling in Negros Island in particular and other byproducts from the farm such as straw, corn stover, and even legume haulm from the horticultural vegetable industry there. As the story goes there was developments in the developing region of Brazil, the NE sector, in the production with their own sugar mills of "Yeast Bagasse" to be used for feedlot cattle diversification and Brazil's well known corned beef export product and other developments which has begun with duckweed, reported from Australia and the opportunity to feeds rather than soy with this prolific and more sustainable protein source for pigs in production. The commodity price of duckweed influenced a shift to duckweed from soy and so with the new "Yeast Bagasse" byproduct feeds for cattle in South Africa in the African continent from other commodities such as more expensive grass or legume hays or silage and grain when pre-treatment with EFEs was adopted on bagasse substrate plus the subsequent and surprising developments with RNA biologics, e. g. PNA-B12, and the boosted supplementation with "limiting" amino acids like HIS, ARG, LEU, MET and LYS in beef and dairy production with LYC production and eventually applied by inoculum to "Yeast Bagasse" making. And as we ff. hoping the "Yeast Bagasse" story unfolds before us harking first from the Philippine Islands, then hopping over to Brazil and then also to South Africa. It can be even be sent for trading world-wide for meat production including areas that "SkyeBlue" is familiarizing itself with like deli-meat products and meat loaf (pate from mutton with herbs and aspic), beef-ham tinned herbed corned beef, corned beef with bacon bits and SPAM(R) with bacon bits). The beginnings of the type of technology referred to as SSF Yeast Residual Feeds was with bagasse processed by a Japanese concern specifically in the Philippine Islands to feed dairy cows (viz. Holstein bred-type cattle) for milk production. It therefore comes to mind that yeast processing however modified to be enhanced, refined and made cost-effective and animal trial tested can be extended to cover also other byproduct farm wastes such as sugarcane pith from bagasse, corn stover and sorghum stover, haulms from vines or legume spp. on-farm and rice and wheat straw, occupying the largest proportion of byproduct farm waste and potentially the most productive in terms of volume processed and consumed by animal livestock. We will now outline the major stages wherein the milled substrate is processed into ''Yeast Byproduct'' feed (we already mentioned 6 possible ones in schema above). As for the Making The Semi-Refined Consistent Particulate Base: First, is threshing the byproduct biomass feedstock from the field's harvest on-farm and then fine-chopping as in silage making, washing thoroughly the substrate followed by air-drying over 48 hrs, with the option to force air-dry the biomass. This followed after drying with fine grinding to a semi-consistent powder. Adaptation is made per substrate type or feedstock. As for the Mixing Reaction Components Prior to Live Yeast Culture (LYC) Incubation: The dried particulate substrate or biomass is first bleached with added dilute aqeous acid (H2SO4) over a 48 hr period and then mass centrifugated (industrial-type) and washed clean of any residuals and then the pH adjusted for enzymatic conditions involving aerobic Lacasse over a few days depending on the batch weight. As for the Addition of LYC and Incubation: The yeast inoculum or LYC is applied as ff. The remixed or reconstituted LYC is counter sprayed onto the spray-lofted particulate feedstock and further auger mixed into a mixer together with a biologic added solution to the LYC just before it is stored for incubation with the feedstock. This will begin the process of hyper-boosting or producing high enough levels of HIS, ARG, LEU, MET and LYS eventually in the incubating biomass. These are so-called GROs in yeast. As for the Temperature, pH and Time of Incubation Under Open Air Conditions (S. cerevisiae, the spp. of choice is facultatively anaerobic) these are yet to be determined experimentally for the yeast fermentation processes. As for the Air-Spray Drying and Storage: The biomass or substrate for feeding kept in the holding tank for incubation is effectively stored in a compacted, cool, and dry place after thorough drying by spraying onto a industrial chamber wall collecting at the base. It is then collected with the biologic already 'spent' and not in any measurable concentration, i.e. it is strictly labile after a defined period of storage, and mechanically packaged in square-rectangular bags for feed dispensing at the farm feedlot for dairy and beef cattle. The matter of the once on surface film LYC is apparently flash-dried with forced-air with, for e. g., N2(g) rapid air drying which instantly kills and renders it a DYC (non-sporulated is its hypothesized) on the particulate surface and fully dried away after N2(g) sealed packing to be inert until dispensed for feeding. As for the Feeding Trials Regards Nutritive Value (NV) of Energy/Protein Supplements: It is open to question at this time what levels of amino acids can be attained and what are optimal for function use such as LBM accretion, milk solids output or production, and in general the body condition of finishing steers and lactating cattle. There is a need to test various basal rations such as hay or silage from herbage plus the addition of our highly digestible fibre-protein/AA energy-protein concentrate derived from byproduct biomass or feedstock. What remains as the most limiting amino acids for optimum nutrition is to be demonstrated or seen by nutritionists and what should be supplemented using the biologic rate of addition to LYC and volume of pre-treated biomass or substrate just prior to and during mixing and incubation conditions to effectively elevate MCP levels and so with incremental and critical essential amino acids that also are functional amino acids over above their nutritional value as measured in proximal analysis and predicted to produce. Remember, spiking the amino acid profile of the supplemental feed(s) will incur different if not very different results in nutritive value when manipulated in addition to its conventional role in fulfilling amino acid nutritional daily allowances or requirements. In Conclusion: It should be noted that the proposals here are preliminary leading one to speculate what specifically is needed to be learned from further research regards amino acid nutrition in various ruminant-class animal livestock, their daily allowances to optimize hay, haylage or silage feeding, and more data obtained to study specifics of rumen digestion and supply of protein and its amino acids from it to compare and determine which are most limiting. Along with a growing trend for hi-energy crops from fibre like marine seagrasses and soy haylage (SSF) which can nicely complement the other during fermentor processing to biofuels and their generation the lucrativeness of pharma production will also pertain to production operations for the purposes of maintaining cost effectiveness and once costs are accounted for the expansion ('the skies the limit') to fodder making for the milk producers as inside retailers distributing to their catchment area farms will follow. It is known of course that soy as a crop is also important for protein supplement feeding with dairy and meat and in future Xcel-producers of milking cows herds using primarily such haylage as fodders and extracted seed proteins of v. hi- quality from these legumes. Biokerosene from Green Feedstocks. Biokerosene produced from farmable agave cropping in semi-arid climes like Mexico and sub-Saharan Africa (here part of the movement to help keep dessertification in check). The rxn. scheme is given below and is aimed at controlled volume-mixed rxn. timing via a theoretical die-fitted tortioned cavity mixer in process automation. The developed PNA-auxin driven precision cropped agave sap and fibre, cane juice or bagasse fibre stream is from over-production (factory volume and as side-streamed from energy application and for automative "gasohol") with further conversion/refining to biokerosene for "green" aviation applications. This will be domestically produced initially for the Philippines and other countries like Mexico, the Atacama Dessert Chile (and further from Uruguay, also a likely target site, than we thought) and around Arabia, North, and sub-Saharan Africa in the Continent but then expanded via subsidiary to foreign aviation destinations via depoting. These are the plans for AtJ(r1-silvicultured pulp, r2-bagasse from sugarcane, r3-methane product from fossil fuel, r4-agave, r5-aloe vera). Aloe vera is the second abundant and sustainable crop cultivatable in dry, arid climes like agave and produces the nacre of aceto-mannans which can be converted by fermenting the acetate side group off the mannan backbone and with a yeast construct to bio-ethanol from mannose residues. (Cf.: https://biotechnologyforbiofuels.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13068-016-0600-4#:~:text=The%20constructed%20yeast%20cells%20successfully%20hydrolyzed%201%2C4-%CE%B2-%20d,continually%20during%20the%20third%20batch%20of%20repeated%20fermentation.) We are creating an innovative land and dreamscape at this time for sub-Saharan Africa in the surrounding areas (e. g. North Africa) and Arabia to revitalize the dessertified zones with irrigation from desalinization plants on their sea coasts using nutrifying dessert dust and sands which apparently are fertile with nutrients (e. g. N-P-K) and can reinvigorate the soils. The need for energy from solar collection systems both using satellites in outerspace wirelessly 24/7 and down on the ground using circular arrays and now just arrived fusion power (see: Mitsui Industries Limited, Inc., Japan) can possibly realistically power operations for running plantations by the square mile for raising our C-crop on the dessert floors. Aloe vera shows such promise as a substrate for manufacturing bio-kerosene in future in such developing and capital-rich countries. It should be added further that the Chinese (PR China) are now going in full force to mobilize on farm land that is hard to till and farm on and for large swaths of commercial farms automated farming machines that would be ideal for use remotely as controlled with this hi-tech approach or method. The Philippines' advancing our Home Energy Plan (HEP) is to be implemented as such: aviation fuel domestically (and further), AtJ(r1) from (NB: displacement of C-stock from fossil fuel use to phyto-farmed dual-purpose C-stock and their recyclability) from bagasse and corn stovers (and rice straw for the future) and for SUV land vehicular transport (including the pedimotocabs for commute and tourism)/train freight, C-10 as the newer heavier heating oil for cooling climes/air conditioning for the hot summer months in the country, and kerosene for cooking stove range at home, as examples. Zero emissions standards including carbon taxing will be instituted for the Philippine Islands (PI) in future in line with the policy for Zero emissions by 2050. We send greetings to our home alumnus institution in Australia, UNSW Sydney campus, at Material Science and Chemical and Mechanical Engineering if they would grace these blogs with their presence for future interest and any potential ventures we can mutually pursue with our representatives. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Rxn. Mechanism (steps 1 -->10), or formula: as moderated by our Virtual Assistant, D. A. Flores of Skye Blue Internet, Port Coquitlam, B. C. Canada V3B 1G3.* Sodium hydride (NaH2) is generated by the industrial process of water split to H2(g) and O2(g) via electrolysis, followed by swirling elemental sodium, Na(s), in H2(g) in mineral oil at considerable heat (400 deg C, pressure) yielding NaH2(s) as a grainy or sandy product in oil avoiding its vulnerabililty of oxidation in moisture when exposed in air. Before NaH2(s) is actuated in the reaction vessel the oil suspension is stripped with the appropriate solvent like ether. oxidation (1) CH3CH2OH -------> CH3-COOH NaH2 (2) CH3-COOH ---------> [CH2=C(O2)2-]Na2 + 2H2(g) benzene i) benzene wash with diethylether ii) NaH oil suspension wash in diethylether H2O (3) [CH2=C(O2)2-]Na2 --------> CH2=C(OH)2 + 2OH(-) (workup) 3 NaH2 (4)* 2 H2C=C(OH)(OH) ------------------> 1 (-)HC=C(O)(O)(2-) + 3H2 benzene + 1 H2C=C(OH)(OH) *Modeled Microprocess Automation. Using a microflow bulkhead where substrates are reacted and is flow disrupted after rxn time: i) benzene washed with diethylether for prep ii) NaH oil suspension, a slurry, is washed in diethylether for prep iii) the preceding is likely over several minutes and up to what microvolume is open 3 H2O (5) 1 H2C=C(OH)(OH) + 1 (-)HC=C(O)(O)2- -------------> CH3-C(OH)(OH)-CH=C(OH)(OH) 3 HCl (aq) 5 NaH2 (6) 2 CH3-C(OH)(OH)-CH=C(OH)(OH) ----------------> 1 (-)CH2-C(O)(-)(O)(-)-CH=C(O)(O)2- benzene Process automation:* (see (4), above) (7) 1 (-)CH2-C(O)(-)(O)(-)-CH=C(O)(O)2- + 1 CH3-C(OH)(OH)-CH=C(OH)(OH) ------------> CH3-C(OH)(OH)-CH2-C(OH)(OH)-CH2-C(O)(-)(O)(-)-CH-C(O)(-)(O)(-) 4 H2O (8) CH3-C(OH)(OH)-CH2-C(OH)(OH)-CH2-C(O)(-)(O)(-)-CH-C(O)(-)(O)(-) -----------> CH3-C(OH)(OH)-CH2-C(OH)(OH)-CH2-C(OH)(OH)-CH2-C(OH)(OH) Industrial processing (in combination with another) (9) CH3-C(OH)(OH)-CH2-C(OH)(OH)-CH2-C(OH)(OH)-CH2-C(OH)(OH) ----------------> i) distillation ii) caustic treatment iii) hydrotreating iv) hydrocracking 6 H2(g)/Pd (10) CH=-C-CH2-C=-C-C=-CH2-C(OH)2 ---> CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-C(OH)2 heat 2 H2(g)/Pd (11) CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-C(OH)2 ---> CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 heat or (12) CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-C(OH)2----> CH3-(CH2)n=5-C=-CH + 2 H2O i) caustic treatment (H+-catalyzed elim.) ii) HCl (aq) i) 2 H2 / Pt (13) CH3-(CH2)n=5-C=-CH ---------------------------------------> CH3-(CH2)n=6-CH3 heat (END) Genus Projects from Seagrass: Species-specific for specialization of plant parts: the leaf aerial parts vs. roots. The waxes in grasses or legume model plants crops are fatty acid, long-chain such as C-18, C-26 derivatives like the hydroxyacids, diacids, saturated or modified chains as fatty acids or fatty alcohols. A) In the roots (NB: vs aeiral parts like the leaves, flowering parts or stems) suberins are wax-like substances referred to occurring as intracellular membranous lamellae. B) In the cuticular areas of leaves on the other hand, the studies cover modeling plants for their abiotic stress responsiveness with stress mechanisms with deposition of non-stomatal, metabolic water conservation wax cuticular barriered transpiration; e. g. s. of abiotic stressors include drought, cold and heat resistance. It is feasible to think that activation with TF or TFE factors on genes that result in as much as 40% or more augmentation of a cuticular wax deposition can still neverthelsss lead to increaseed physiological responsiveness and water conservation thus for purposes of raising the plant, e. g. seagrasses / fisheries farming, it is desired to grow and downstream process with harvesting the waxy long-chain product to eventually reduce them chemically and crack catalytically the raw material to C-8 alkanes evenly to what is referred to as bio-kerosene AtJ(r3) utilizable for the avionics or flight industry. Due to the HQ condition of the fibre source of certain crops there have been (3) posited for use in plantation form being with their advantages/disadvantages: a) agave fibre depending on their traditional arid locations, e. g. Mexico and tequila plantations, the need for intensive cost production but the more established position with installations already pre-existing in places, R&D development required to jumpstart their growth cycle from 7-8 yrs to just 1 yr to make them economically feasible through XL growth strategies using photosyntheses mechanisms; Mexican land options and African land options in the arid sub-Saharan dessert area also with off-shore mfg. of alcohol to AtJ where cane sugar will become short in supply and cannot address this same need; we believe that at full speed both conventional bagasse and cane sugar with non-conventional sources of carbon will be in the USD$B for the licensee at our proprietorship; bioengineering or chemical engineering research and design for further development with our collaborators will happen eventually; b) artichoke as a vegetable product has also been posited but present problems in downstream processing with higher protein fractions present for extraction; c) seagrasses which is our pick which can involve ball fields or undergroud vertical farming, submerged also with XL grow mechanisms in R&D using photosyntheses. We have had rumours on the wire of offers of estimates in capital investment initially of about USD$100M towards this type of enterprise for investor information. Send in your feedback and any suggestions. It was mentioned to us that the time when seagrass shifts in feedstock to agave, the push for financial feasibility for the so-called XL grow varieties with R&D plans will happen at that time using perhaps (see: Global Services Edition, on this website) photosynthetic optimization related mechanisms in plant cropping. There is a reported need for security and enforcement and clearance with the Mexican government forces in aegies with the Canadian government for the Sinaloan area near the established tourist hot spot of Mazatlan for the testing and commercialization of agave for Bio-Kerosene AtJ(r4) fuel for eventual manufacturing in Mexico and sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). A "man on the ground" from Canada will regularly contract v. skilled Chinese migrant labour from Taiwan and another from Germany who is to head the industrial conglomerate using technology from there and employing local entrenched skilled labour from Mexico. A reported USD$100M has been offered to him from anonymous sources from the United States of America. It has already been reported that Sinaloa near Mazatlan is an arable-rich land area to be earmarkable for growth of agave biomass for a 2 yr growing period rather than currently the natural 6-7 yr growing period using what it is yet to be developed in Germany (FRG) a RNA-based biologic from studying further agave's metabolosome and discovering critical TF for TFE (transcription factor engineering) for Auxin or Auxin Regulatory Factors (ARF) to boost its metabolism using these metabolic factors. We will inform you regularly as reports develop of activities here at "SkyeBlue" in PoCo British Columbia Canada V3B 1G3. Bio-Isopentenol as a Fuel from Fibre-based Fermentation. The conventional route to making isopentenol was to adapt an enzyme structure-function molecule by adding an extra carbon (1C) with E. coli as the recombinant or modified host in their rec-plasmids. The other way would be to randomly apply mutational change (e. g. X-rays) with selection for enzymes that do although it was called to question as to the probabilities and ease of doing so. It might be that our biomolecular intermediates pose less hazard in terms of toxicity to the host allowing higher titre of product to evolve in the reaction chamber or fermentor at lower costs per unit product. In the journey towards improvization to improve process engineering for hi-density, low-knocking alcohols as biofuels like isopentenol (5C) and isobutanol (4C) utilizing gene edited (GEditing) metabolism, in this case, from plants using E. coli (and maybe yeast down the road) as host for biofermentation using byproduct feedstocks as likely inputs and further downstream with chemical engineered processing. Isopentenyl Adenosine (IPA) as Starting Material in the Synthesis. The plant growth regulator or metabolite as starting material is called isopentenyl adenosine (IPA). The enzymes in particular won't be mentioned here for our purposes but they presumably will be cleanly spliced into the plasmids imported into the hosts in the biofermentor.
FIG. 1 Structure of Starting Substrate Isopentenyl Adenosine (IPA). BASE - NH - CH2 - CH=C - CH3 Base = Adenosine | CH3 In our procedure the steps are taken as ff.: 1. IPA is synthesized biochemically as in plants (as the growth regulator) and enzymes in that sequence are GEdited per enzyme in E. coli hosts (or yeast) from fibre biomass or wood pulp from intermediates. 2. The chemical downstream processing is by: a) H2O addition, b) H2 elimination and forming a stable concatenated double-bonded structure after racemization, both a) and b) being via catalysis, and, finally, c) acid-catalyzed hydrolysis and d) elimination to yield isopentenol as a biofuel product.
3. The bi-product would be adenosine (the base). (c) 2026-2059. Skye Blue Press Corporation, Port Coquitlam, British Columbia, Canada V3B 1G3.
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Last update of this entry: October 29, 2026
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