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Description:

The Quantitative Approach of Rumen Digestion Using Prediction Modeling.

By D. A. Flores, 1440 Barberry Drive, Port Coquitlam, BC Canada V3B 1G3. 

Introduction.  

As an introduction, Ruminant (small and large) Class Animal Livestock continue to have a unique niche in our diet of animal-based products for foods compared to other classes including pork, chicken, eggs and fish including vegan choices from cropping foods, from the basis of non-conventional fibre-based feed types secondary to monogastric feeding and human foods and now with the developments of enzyme processing technology and recyclability of byproducts from food crops and the need for sustainability in feeding supplies. This "niching" has now deepened as it aspires to the exploration/settlement of Outerspace (in planned orbiting stations, lunar landed stations and even beyond to Mars, for the far future) despite the physical logistics and challenges for supplying, animal housing and their maintenance needs demanding the economy of recyclable outputs/inputs to support the principle of sustainability and for supporting a policy for those dietary preferences or choices by personnel and their nutrition or food consumption and lifestyle habits.   

We are planning a larger project using mathematica to elaborate on prediction modeling from earlier NRC Guidelines to Ruminant Feeding Using Both Basic Feeding Rations for Forage, Concentrate and Pre-Mix and the resulting Nutrient Profile for Digestion Post-Ruminal and Conversely what to feed in ration components and in what proportions given the Nutrient Requirements per Ruminant Livestock Class and Productive Level and Type (e. g. Growth, Finishing, Pregnancy, Lactation).

Quantitative Modeling by Criterion. 

At this time the ff. notions can be applied to rumen modeling:

1.) The Overall Schema is INtake = OUTputs (in dynamic equilibrium).

2.) It will require description of the Kinetics of Transport Processes given the Liquids, Solids and nature of the Biofilms.

3.) It will require description of the Kinetics of Rxn. Transformation and Stochiometry.

4.) It will require knowledge of Biochemistry of Stochiometry regards Biomass Synthesis, other Endproducts Synthesis and Escape Residuals from Feed INtake source.

5.) More complicatedly are Bulk or Mass Transfer Notions for the Rumen Content Digesta During Digestion. 

6.) Enumeratively the INputs = fibre (given forage maturity or cut) + CHOs/sugars + organic acids (silage) + protein/non-protein N (e. g. amides, amines, nucleic acids) + fats or oils

7.) Enumeratively the OUTputs = VFAs (SCFAs) + NH4 + Organic Biomass Wet Matter + Escape of Feed or Residuals

8.) Now, the Biggest Unknown of Quantitative Modeling Using the Microbial Ecosystem of the Rumen might require "guestimates" with Quantitative Distribution Descriptions of Populations and their Subpopulations in Real Time rather than a more vague "Black Box" approach.

9.) Specification of Ration and Nutrient Components as a Given for Forage (hay, silage, grazed): Grain (whole or pelleted) and the Protein/Energy ratio (P/E).

10.)  The Overall "Conversion" from INputs to OUTputs to the Duodenum are thus:  Overall Description (Qualitative) of Rumen Processing or Digestion:  1) CHO, Fats, P, NPN (including Urea-N from saliva and Rumen Wall); 2) The Cycle of Energy Bearing Nutrients Producing VFA Endproducts and ATP (currency of energy for cell metabolism) and then the INput nutrients being broken down synthesized with ATP to Microbial Cell Biomass; 3) the Residual Feed Biomass is Processed to remove to the Duodenum while the VFAs exit through the rumen wall and so with NPN (NH4) through via Urea-N to the liver/saliva and back into the rumen cavity; 4) the OUTput also comprises Microbial Cells + Residual Feed Material and Including P + CHO, oligosaccharides, simple sugars + Fats + NPN.  

End Remarks. 

It is unknown at this time if AI (artificial intelligence) Computing will be required to Handle Data Processing in Terms of Quantity, Real Time Calculations and Real Time Desciption (depiction, graphic display) of a Simulated Process Run for Rumen Digestion.

(c) 2023-2050. D. A. Flores. Skye Blue Internet.  Port Coquitlam, Brit. Columbia, V3B 1G3 Canada.

Last update of this entry: September 17, 2023