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1440 Barberry Dr.
Port Coquitlam
Canada
Toll free: +011-604-941-9022 (help line)
Phone: 16049458408
Fax: +011-604-941-9022 (FAX line)
Description:
Bio-Kerosene. Biokerosene produced from farmable agave cropping in semi-arid climes like Mexico and sub-Saharan Africa (here part of the movement to help keep dessertification in check). The rxn. scheme is given below and is aimed at controlled volume-mixed rxn. timing via a theoretical die-fitted tortioned cavity mixer in process automation. The developed PNA-auxin driven precision cropped agave sap and fibre, cane juice or bagasse fibre stream is from over-production (factory volume and as side-streamed from energy application and for automative "gasohol") with further con-version/refining to biokerosene for "green" aviation applications. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Rxn. Mechanism (steps 1 -->10), or formula: as moderated by our Virtual Assistant, SKYE -D. A. Flores of Skye Blue Publications, Port Coquitlam, B. C. Canada V3B 1G3.* oxidation (1) CH3CH2OH -------> CH3-COOH NaH (2) CH3-COOH ---------> [CH2=C(O2)2-]Na2 + H2(g) benzene i) benzene wash with diethylether ii) NaH oil suspension wash in diethylether H2O (3) [CH2=C(O2)2-]Na2 --------> CH2=C(OH)2 + 2OH(-) (workup) 3 NaH (4)* 2 H2C=C(OH)(OH) ------------------> 1 (-)HC=C(O)(O)(2-) + 3H2 benzene + 1 H2C=C(Cl)(OH) *Process automation: 1/2 portion in first batch / 1/4 with held (cummulated repeat =X2) / 1/4 unreacted (with held) i) benzene washed with diethylether for prep ii) NaH oil suspension washed in diethylether for prep iii) this is critically iv) likely over several minutes and up to what vol. is open to question 3 H2O (5) 1 H2C=C(OH)(OH) + 1 (-)HC=C(O)(O)2- -------------> CH3-C(OH)(OH)-CH=C(OH)(OH) 3 HCl (aq) 5 NaH (6) 2 CH3-C(OH)(OH)-CH=C(OH)(OH) ----------------> 1 (-)CH2-C(O)(-)(O)(-)-CH=C(O)(O)2- benzene Process automation:* (see (4), above) (7) 1 (-)CH2-C(O)(-)(O)(-)-CH=C(O)(O)2- + 1 CH3-C(OH)(OH)-CH=C(OH)(OH) ------------> CH3-C(OH)(OH)-CH2-C(OH)(OH)-CH2-C(O)(-)(O)(-)-CH-C(O)(-)(O)(-) 4 H2O (9) CH3-C(OH)(OH)-CH2-C(OH)(OH)-CH2-C(O)(-)(O)(-)-CH-C(O)(-)(O)(-) -----------> CH3-C(OH)(OH)-CH2-C(OH)(OH)-CH2-C(OH)(OH)-CH2-C(OH)(OH) Industrial processing (in combination with another) (Hypothetical) 10) CH3-C(OH)(OH)-CH2-C(OH)(OH)-CH2-C(OH)(OH)-CH2-C(OH)(OH) ----------------> i) distillation ii) caustic treatment (H+-catalyzed elim.) iii) hydrotreating iv) hydrocracking (TO BE PROJECTED) 6 H2(g)/Pd (11) CH=-C-CH2-C=-C-C=-CH2-C(OH)2 ---> CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-C(OH)2 heat 2 H2(g)/Pd (12) CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-C(OH)2 ---> CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 heat or (13) CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-C(OH)2----> CH3-(CH2)n=5-C=-CH + 2 H2O i) caustic treatment (H+-catalyzed elim.) ii) HCl (aq) i) 2 H2 / Pt (14) CH3-(CH2)n=5-C=-CH ---------------------------------------> CH3-(CH2)n=6-CH3 heat (END) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * (c) D. A. Flores. 2003-2050. SKYE BLUE INTERNET. Port Coquitlam. B. C. Canada V3B 1G3. (D. A. Flores is solely the owner of the said invention ideas.)
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Last update of this entry: July 27, 2021
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